Cranberry and black chokeberry extracts isolated with pressurized ethanol from defatted by supercritical CO2 pomace inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells and increase global antioxidant response of meat products during in vitro digestion.

Berry phenolics are considered as phytochemicals, which might mitigate development of degenerative diseases, including cancer. Many studies demonstrated their antiproliferative effects in various cancer cell lines while the studies with real foods are rather scarce. We report antiproliferative properties of unique extracts, which were obtained from the defatted by supercritical CO2 cranberry (CrE) and black chokeberry (ChoE) pomace using pressurized ethanol, and global antioxidant response of meat products enriched with berry polyphenolics during in vitro digestion. ChoE was more effective against HCT116 and DLD1 cells than CrE, while the HCT116 cells were more sensitive to digested meat samples than DLD1. At 1000 µL ChoE reduced cell viability to 51% (HCT116) and ∼50% (DLD1), while in case of CrE >69% of HCT116 cells remained viable. The extracts added at 2% increased antioxidant capacity values of hamburgers and cooked ham at oral and gastric digestion phases; however, at intestinal phase no regular effects were observed. The highest antioxidant potential was determined in hamburgers/cooked ham with 2% of CrE (TPC: 1.45/2.01 mg GAE/mL; ABTS●+: 9.82/15.66 mg TE/mL; ORAC: 13.58/12.08 mg TE/mL). The content of quantifiable anthocyanins remarkably decreased in the digesta at all phases and particularly at intestine phase: >99% with CrE and 97-99% with ChoE. Digested liquids of cooked ham prepared with extracts significantly stronger inhibited HCT116 cells at selected dilution factors. The results obtained provide preliminary information that cranberry and black chokeberry pomace extracts may provide health benefits when added in meat products.

Lipophilic extracts isolated from European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berry pomace by supercritical CO2 - Promising bioactive ingredients for foods and nutraceuticals.

Lipophilic extracts of Viburnum opulus (VOP) and Hippophae rhamnoides (SBP) berry pomace recovered by supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) were analysed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC × GC-TOF for their triacylglycerol, tocopherol, phytosterol and fatty acid composition, while oxidative stability was evaluated by Oxipres and Rancimat methods. SFE-CO2 recovered 16.99% and 26.24% of lipids from SBP and VOP, respectively. Linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were major in SBP oil, while VOP oil was composed of almost equal amounts of linoleic and oleic acids. Therefore, remarkably higher diversity of triacylglycerols was identified in SBP. The content of ß-sitosterol and α-tocopherol was 359.5-514.5 and 65.38-118.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Hydrocarbons were other quantitatively important lipophilic components, including health beneficial squalene. All extracts improved oxidative stability of mayonnaise. The extracts of berry processing by-products by green extraction method contain valuable bioactive constituents and could be of high interest for applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the extracts isolated from the pomace of rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.).

In the present work, acetone, ethanol and water extracts of rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) pomace were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects. Chemical composition of the extracts was determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and spectrophotometric methods. Neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids were the major phenolic compounds. The water extract contained the highest total proanthocyanidins content (301 ± 18.9 mg/g) and demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity in the all assays (DPPH, FRAP and ORAC). Extracts isolated from rowanberry pomace effectively inhibited the growth of undesirable microorganisms, especially Gram-positive bacteria. Acetone extract was the strongest antimicrobial agent followed by water and ethanol extracts. Acetone and water extracts demonstrated also higher cytotoxic potential in cell viability assays (SRB and MTT) using Caco-2 cells. In general, the results suggest that rowanberry pomace is a promising source of natural compounds with antioxidant and biological activities.

Biorefining of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) threshing residues into cannabinoid and antioxidant fractions by supercritical carbon dioxide, pressurized liquid and enzyme-assisted extractions.

C. sativa threshing residues were biorefined by consecutive supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) pressurised liquid (PLE) and enzyme-assisted extractions (EAE). SFE-CO2 at optimised parameters yielded 8.3g/100g of lipophilic fraction containing 0.2 and 2.2g of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid per 100g of threshing residues, respectively. The recovery of cannabinoids from plant material was >93%. PLE gave 4.3 and 18.9g/100g of flavonoid-containing polar extracts, while EAE added 20.2% (w/w) of water-soluble constituents and increased the release of mono- and disaccharides by up to 94%. Antioxidant capacity of non-polar and polar fractions was in the range of 1.3-23.5mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW and 0.6-205.2mg Trolox equivalents/g DW, with the highest activities of PLE-EtOH/H2O extract. The combined SFE-CO2, PLE and EAE reduced antioxidant capacity of starting plant material by 90-99%, showing that suggested multistep fractionation procedure is efficient in the recovery of a major part of the antioxidatively active constituents from hemp threshing residues.